Simple systems can reproduce faster than complex ones. So, how can the complexity of life have arisen from simple chemical beginnings? Starting with a simple system of self-replicating fibres, ...

Digital evolution employs self-replicating computer programmes that undergo mutation and selection in virtual environments, providing an experimentally tractable system for probing fundamental ...

We have only one example of biology forming in the universe – life on Earth. But what if life can form in other ways? How do you look for alien life when you don’t know what alien life might look like ...

A new study at the University of Chicago has shown that elaborate protein structures accumulate over deep time even when they serve no purpose, because a universal biochemical property and the genetic ...

Researchers from the Charles University in Prague reconstructed the evolution of brain neuron numbers in amniotes and revealed that mammals and birds have dramatically increased neuron numbers in ...

Assembly theory bridges the gap between physics and biology in explaining how complex objects are identifiable as products of evolution and how reusability of parts allows novelty and identical ...

Simple systems can reproduce faster than complex ones. So, how can the complexity of life have arisen from simple chemical beginnings? Starting with a simple system of self-replicating fibers, ...

The problem -- Computation -- Structure for free -- Purposeful structure -- Improbability and the engine of complexity -- Algorithmic evolution -- Evolution within the body -- Taking control of the ...

Today, the complexity of creating digital infrastructures is so great that business leaders are turning away from their ...

1. The nature of complexity / James McGlade and Elizabeth Garnsey -- 2. Evolution, diversity and organization / Peter Allen, Mark Strathern and James Baldwin -- 3. Cities : continuity, transformation ...

A new method for quantifying plant evolution reveals that after the onset of early seed plants, complexity halted for 250 million years until the diversification of flowering plants about 100 million ...