Testing transceiver and converter interfaces requires orthogonal in-phase and quadrature (IQ) analog signals; that is, the phase relationship of the two must be very close to a 90-degree phase offset, ...

Signal modulation is one of the most basic and important concepts in the RF industry. It consists of using the variation of one or more parameters of a carrier signal to transmit information, ...

Diverse well describes the myriad digital modulation schemes used in modern voice and data communications. The alphabet soup of terminology extends well beyond the familiar QAM and GMSK fundamentals ...